The First Part addresses God, gradually working its way through God’s creation and the angels to man. Aquinas frequently cites the works of “The Philosopher” (Aristotle), as well as such authorities as the Arab philosopher Averroes and the Jewish rabbi and philosopher Moses Maimonides. Although the Summa is a theological work, it is deeply grounded in philosophical concepts and arguments.
Aquinas drew from Jewish, Islamic, and pagan Greek sources, as well as the Christian Bible and the Church Fathers to form his arguments for the relationship between reason and revelation. He sought to reconcile Christian teachings with the insights of classical Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), whom Western Europe was rediscovering during Aquinas’ lifetime. Aquinas’ central idea was that reason and faith, or reason and revelation, complement each other.
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